Measuring connected TV in the U.S.

What is "connected TV"?
"Connected TV" adds programs streamed from the Internet (OTT, such as Netflix, Hulu, HBO Now, Watch ESPN, CBS News, PBS... cf. "OTT everywhere, a paradigm shift") to traditional programs (broadcast or MVPD). It does not replace traditional TV; it does not exclude it.
It is a multi-screen world and the TV set is now only one of the many screens on which we can watch programs and video (in addition to tablets, computers and smartphones).

"Connected TV" refers to a TV set that receives programs through an Internet connection (broadband, ethernet or Wi-Fi); the TV set uses a streaming device plugged into an HDMI port to access a platform. Chromecast (Google Cast technology for smartphones), Apple TV (TVos technology), Fire TV (Amazon) or Roku (Hearst, News Corp.) are the digital media streamers most frequently used. Game consoles (Nintendo, PS4, XBox One) and so-called "smart TV" sets also provide connected TV (Samsung, LG, Sony, Philips, Sharp). It is worth noting that Google, Apple and Amazon's marketshare stands at 71% (Q3 2015, Strategy Analytics).
Connected TV and traditional TV present a different user interface. Connected TV offers richer ergonomics with apps for choosing programs (browsing, searching with voice control (Siri), touch surface to swipe for Apple TV... Connected TV allows viewers to use their smartphone or tablet as a remote control. It also lets developers create new TV apps (cf. tvOS SDK, Google Cast SDK). All in all, connected TV offers a better user experience (UX).

All in all, 65% of American households have at least one kind of connected TV, according to LRG (Leichtman Research Group, April 2016). 74% of online consumers have connected TV (Frank N. Magid, May 2016, cf. supra).

By the end of April 2016, the Nielsen National TV panel will provide connected TV audience data on a daily basis for each "brand" of device. With its 100,000 panelists, Nielsen will measure 50,000 connected devices.
How important or relevant are these new analytics?
They will allow us to better observe the evolution of TV consuming behaviors, to evaluate at which speed traditional TV merges with the Net. This new consumer data will help analyze and predict the evolution of cord-cutting, subscriptions to OTT, to Netflix...
They will help us to understand the influence of the life stage, of ergonomics, on TV consumption.

According to the Nielsen Total Audience Report, 18% of US households (21.4 million) already use a connected TV set (2015), 40% of Millennials.

Apps on Apple TV screen (April 2016): video games and OTT (picture)

Out-of-Home TV: +9%

What is out-of-home TV (OOH)?
TV away-from-home includes TV-watching in bars, restaurants, hotels, stores, in other people's homes, in offices and work places, gyms, transportations, hospitals, waiting rooms... you name it.

Nielsen measured this TV consumption in Chicago (DMA N°3) with Portable People Meter technology (PPM). Nielsen acquired this measurement technology when buying Arbitron in 2013.
The three-month test, starting April 2014, combined data from an LPM (Local People Meter) panel and a PPM panel (adults 25-54, speaking English and Spanish).

The results are good news for TV networks and stations: the average increase coming from OOH TV is about 7 to 9% (a rating lift of 14% for sport programming); the increase is strong for daytime TV, although much less for prime time TV. But for the time being, OOH TV audience cannot be sold since it cannot be included in the current Nielsen metrics (NTI or NSI). It amounts to free audience for advertisers.

All the TV that fits? 
The question now is how to combine three kinds of TV consumption: in home, outside the home (OOH) and mobile (smartphones, tablets) which is both in and out of home?

NB : The PPM passive technology uses a device that tracks all kinds of TV exposure. It detects an inaudible signal (encoded by TV networks) but not actual viewing, which requires attention if not intention and could only be captured by a TV set with a sensor (as used for DOOH measurements. See Eikeo). The survey combines two definitions of TV audience: being in a room with a TV set on (People Meter) and hearing a TV signal (PPM). Figures for hearing are probably higher than for watching.

Work and home audiences: BYOD

CNBC, the American business TV channel, does not want to use Nielsen measurements to guarantee its daytime audience. Why?
Because its audience cannot be accurately measured during this daypart. In the daytime, the network is watched mainly at the office (trading floors, etc.); since there are no people meters in offices, the work TV audience is not measured. The Nielsen people meter panel includes only households ("Nielsen families"). CNBC audiences in the evening (prime time) will still be guaranteed but for daytime TV, CNBC prefers to use its own "internal metrics" (cf. Sam Thielman, in Adweek).

Measuring audiences in the workplace can be a challenge for some media. It can be done for the press and radio: readership surveys or PPM (Portable People Meter, Arbitron / Nielsen) take all kinds of audiences into account, whatever their locations.
What about the Internet? Site-centric measurements cover audiences in the workplace. But what about panels (user-centric measurements)? Nielsen and comScore claim to measure Internet at work and they recruit people using computers at the office. What kind of company or IT department agrees to install measurement software to monitor company computers? Moreover, can we separate work from home use? This is probably an illusion: nowadays people carry their own laptop to the office; they work at home for their company; they use their company computer for personal tasks (e-commerce, mail, etc.); they bring company computers back home... That is why the majority of companies are implementing BYOD policies (cf. Bring Your Own Device): the consumerization of IT seems inevitable. BYOD is also said to be good for employee satisfaction and productivity... but includes security pitfalls (cf. "Avoiding BYOD desasters").

Audiences are not found only in the home. But while out-of-home audiences can be very important for TV and the Web, they are difficult to measure and, of course, to sell. Think of sports audiences: how many GRPs are going to be lost in out-of-home audiences, bars, hotels, offices, transportation?